Positional Changes of the Ocular Organs During Craniofacial Development

The present study aimed to describe the positional changes of the ocular organs during craniofacial development; moreover, we examined the relationships among the ocular organs and other internal structures. To do this, we traced the positions of the ocular organs in 56 human early fetal samples at different stages of development using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging and phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography. The eyes were located on the lateral side in the ventral view at Carnegie stage (CS) 16, and then changed their positions medially during development. The eyes remained in the neurocranium until CS17. However, the eyes changed their positions medially and caudally in the viscerocranium after CS18. The positional relationship between the eyes and pituitary gland changed in the lateral view as development progressed. Specifically, they were close to each other at CS17, but moved apart during the later stages of development. These positional changes were also demonstrated quantitatively with morphometric analyses. Based on the present data, the positional changes of the eyes can be categorized into phases, as follows: Phase 1, dramatic positional changes (early fetal period until CS23); and Phase 2, mild positional changes (stabilized; early fetal period after CS23). Notably, all absolute lengths measured in the present study linearly increased as the crown‐rump length increased irrespective of the phase, while features of the measured angles and ratios differentially changed in Phases 1 and 2. The present data may help improve our understanding of both the normal and abnormal development of the ocular organs and craniofacial area. Anat Rec, 300:2107–2114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Fetal Development of the Incisive Canal,Especially of the Delayed Closure Due to the Nasopalatine Duct: A Study Using Serial Sections of Human Fetuses

The incisive canal of the incisive bone or premaxilla is a narrow bony canal through which pass the nasopalatine nerve and its concomitant vessels. However, its fetal development remains obscure. To assess its development, serial frontal sections of the heads of 26 human fetuses, of gestational age 9–20 weeks (crown‐rump length, 46–183 mm), were examined. The nerve initially passed through a wide loose tissue space, but after ossification of the upper part of the incisive bone at 12–15 weeks, the canal became narrow and filled with tight fibrous tissue. Canals in seven fetuses were dilated and open unilaterally or bilaterally. In two of these seven fetuses, a nasopalatine duct passed through the canal and connected the nasal cavity to a central lumen of the paramedian epithelial pearl in the incisive fossa (not to an oral cavity). Even if the canal was closed, the duct was likely to remain above and below the closed part. Paramedian pearls were present in all specimens larger than 110 mm (15 weeks), with or without association of midline pearls. These paramedian pearls usually protruded toward and/or extended into the dilated or open canal, suggesting that these pearls, not any primitive oronasal communication pathway, contributed to keeping the canal open. The dilated canal, located on the superomedial side of the second and third teeth buds, seemed to be usually closed by further ossification. Even in fetuses, the nasopalatine duct seemed to be a variant or unusual phase of development temporally occurring after normal palate fusion. Anat Rec, 300:1093–1103, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Long‐term flavor recognition in humans with prenatal garlic experience

The human fetus learns about its chemosensory environment and this influences its behavior at birth and during the nursing period. This study examined whether prenatal experience could influence behavior much later in life. The dietary preference of two groups of children (8‐ to 9‐years old) was examined. Mothers of one group had consumed garlic during pregnancy, mothers of the control group had not. Children received two tests, 1 month apart, of a meal containing two portions of potato gratin, one flavored with garlic. The total amount of potato, and the percentage of garlic flavored potato, eaten was calculated and examined separately by ANOVA for factors of prenatal exposure, the child's sex, and trial. Children prenatally exposed to garlic ate significantly more garlic flavored potato and a significantly greater overall amount of potato on trial 2, compared to controls. The results demonstrate prenatal experience may affect behavior well into childhood. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 568–574, 2013     

彩色多普勒超声对宫内发育迟缓胎儿动静脉的血流动力学研究

目的应用彩色多普勒超声检测宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)胎儿动静脉的血流动力学参数。方法测量胎儿静脉导管和脐静脉的血流量,计算静脉导管(DV)分流率;测量胎儿脐动脉、大脑中动脉(MCA)、肾动脉的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及脐动脉收缩期最大流速与舒张末期流速的比值(S/D),结果进行对比分析。结果与对照组比较,IUGR组胎儿脐动脉的PI、RI、S/D及肾动脉的RI显著增高,MCA的PI、RI及S/D显著减低,DV分流率显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声通过综合监测胎儿血流动力学变化,可以全面、客观地评价胎儿的供血情况,预测胎儿宫内缺氧和IUCR情况。     

探讨染色体微阵列分析技术在产前诊断中的应用

目的 探讨染色体微阵列分析(CMA)技术在产前诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 选择2018年7月至2019年6月在滨州医学院附属医院行羊膜腔穿刺的132例单胎孕妇为研究对象,采用传统染色体核型分析技术与CMA技术对所有病例进行检测,并分析比较两种方法所得出的检测结果。 结果 本研究中染色体核型分析检出1例染色体不平衡变异与13例胎儿非整倍体,CMA检测结果与之相同,但CMA可更精确地给出染色体不平衡变异的异常位点。此外,在3例染色体核型正常的胎儿中,CMA亦检出致病性基因的拷贝数变异,从而对疾病的诊断率提高2.27％。在4例核型正常的胎儿中,CMA检出临床意义不明确的拷贝数变异(CNV),检出率为3.03％;但CMA不能检测出染色体倒位、多态性及平衡易位。 结论 对非整倍体和不平衡染色体变异的检出率,CMA与核型分析相同,但CMA的敏感性和分辨率更高,同时亦可检出其他有临床意义的基因拷贝数。但因CMA技术自身亦有局限性,尚不可完全替代传统染色体核型分析技术。     

345例早期先兆流产中西医结合保胎后患者产前筛查结果分析

[目的]探讨先兆流产孕妇经中西医结合治疗保胎后产前筛检与新生儿畸形的关系。[方法]随机选取2008年6月至2009年10月间345例经我科中西医保胎后的先兆流产孕妇作保胎组,并随机选取同期分娩、早期无先兆流产及无其他高危因素的孕妇350例作为对照组,对照分析两组孕妇产前筛查结果。[结果]先兆流产孕妇经中西医结合保胎后继续妊娠者,产前筛查异常率与正常孕妇比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。[结论]妊娠早期先兆流产患者经中西医结合保胎后,不会增加产前筛查异常率及新生儿畸形风险。     

脐带绕颈胎儿大脑中动脉与脐动脉的阻力指标比值研究

目的:通过检测妊娠晚期脐带绕颈胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)及脐动脉(UA)的阻力指标比值,探讨其预测胎儿宫内缺氧的价值.方法:用彩色多普勒超声对70例正常晚期妊娠胎儿和65例脐带绕颈胎儿MCA、UA的阻力指标及比值进行检测分析.结果:各组间比较,胎儿MCA和UA阻力指标比值有显著性差异(P＜0.05);正常组与绕颈1周组阻...     

胎儿肾的大小及位置测量分析

目的:观测和分析7～9个月胎儿肾的大小和位置。方法:使用经防腐处理的7个月和9个月胎儿,胎龄从末次月经后两周计算,选出7个月胎儿40例(男19例、女21例),9个月胎儿40例(男19例,女21)。从背部暴露肾上、下极。用游标卡尺(精确度为0.2 mm)测量肾的位置。继后清除肾筋膜并游离肾,测量肾的大小,逐一记录。结果:(1)测得了左、右肾的长度、宽度和厚度,左肾长度和厚度稍大于右肾,右肾的宽度稍大于左肾。(2)肾的位置,以左肾高于右肾为多见,其中7个月左肾高于右肾的出现率为76.3%,9个月为71.0%。(3)测得了左、右肾上极、下极至后正中线距离。左、右肾上极距后正中线距离近于左、右肾下极。(4)肾下极至髂嵴的距离,左侧大于右侧。结论:胎儿肾的大小及位置测量分析,在临床上特别是产科有重要的意义。